Perovskite precursors and additives

Methylammonium iodide

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Description:

Salt for preparation of CH₃NH₃PbI₃. Dyenamo offers two standard grades of MAI (specifications below); >99.99 % (grade 4N) and >99.999 % (grade 5N). Moreover, we offer a special grade of methylammonium iodide (DN-P02P), based on 4N grade material, but containing a controlled amount of phosphite as an additive, which aids in the formation of high-quality methylammonium lead iodide perovskite films.

Alternative name:

MAI, Methanamine hydriodide, Methylamine hydriodide

Empirical Formula:

CH₃NH₃I

CAS number:

14965-49-2

Typical properties:

M_W = 158.95 g/mol

Specification:

Product specification DN-P02-4N: Methylammonium iodide 99.99 %

Product specification DN-P02-5N: Methylammonium iodide 99.999 %

Product specification DN-P02P: Methylammonium iodide, 1500 ppm P

References:

• M. Lee et al., Science 338, 643 (2012) DOI: 10.1126/science.1228604
• Kim et al. Scientific Reports 2: 591 DOI: 10.1038/srep00591
• I. Levchuk et al. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 3, 1600593 DOI: 10.1002/admi.201600593
• Z. Xiao et al. Energy Environ. Sci., 2016, 9, 867DOI: 10.1039/c6ee00183a
• Y. Deng et al. Energy Environ. Sci., 2015, 8, 1544 DOI: 10.1039/c4ee03907f

Methylammonium chloride

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Description:

Salt for preparation of CH₃NH₃PbCl₃ opening for optimization of morphology and fine-tuning of the band-gap energy.

Alternative name:

MACl, Methylammonium monohydrochloride, Methylamine hydrochloride

Empirical Formula:

CH₃NH₃Cl

CAS number:

593-51-1

Typical properties:

M_W = 67.52 g/mol

Specification:

Product specification DN-P08-4N: Methylammonium chloride 99.99 %

Product specification DN-P08-5N: Methylammonium chloride 99.999 %

Methylammonium bromide

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Description:

Salt for preparation of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ opening for optimization of morphology and fine-tuning of the band-gap energy. Dyenamo offers two standard grades of MABr (specifications below); >99.99 % (grade 4N) and >99.999 % (grade 5N).

Alternative name:

MABr, Methylamine hydrobromide, Methanaminium bromide

Empirical Formula:

CH₃NH₃Br

CAS number:

6876-37-5

Typical properties:

M_W = 111.97 g/mol

Specification:

Product specification DN-P09-4N: Methylammonium bromide 99.99 %

Product specification DN-P09-5N: Methylammonium bromide 99.999 %

Reference:

• Jost et al., Energy Environ. Sci.,2018, 11, 3511, DOI: 10.1039/C8EE02469C

Formamidinium iodide

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Description:

Salt for preparing engineered narrow bandgap perovskite materials for increased efficiency. Dyenamo offers two standard grades of FAI (specifications below); >99.99 % (grade 4N) and >99.999 % (grade 5N).

Alternative name:

FAI, Formamidine hydroiodide, Methanimidamide iodide, Iminomethylamine hydriodide

Empirical Formula:

CH₅N₂I

CAS number:

879643-71-7

Typical properties:

M_W = 171.97 g/mol

Specification:

Product specification DN-P10-4N: Formamidinium iodide 99.99 %

Product specification DN-P10-5N: Formamidinium iodide 99.999 %

References:

• Jeon, N. J. et al., Nature, 2015, DOI: 10.1038/nature14133
• Jost et al., Energy Environ. Sci.,2018, 11, 3511, DOI: 10.1039/C8EE02469C

Formamidinium bromide

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Description:

Salt for bandgap tuning of perovskite materials. Dyenamo offers two standard grades of FABr (specifications below); >99.99 % (grade 4N) and >99.999 % (grade 5N).

Alternative name:

FABr, Formamidine hydrobromide, Methanimidamide bromide, Iminomethylamine hydrobromide

Empirical Formula:

CH₅N₂Br

CAS number:

146958-06-7

Typical properties:

M_W = 124.97 g/mol

Specification:

Product specification DN-P11-4N: Formamidinium bromide 99.99 %

Product specification DN-P11-5N: Formamidinium bromide 99.999 %

Reference:

• Eperon, G.E. et al., Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, DOI: 10.1039/C3EE43822H

Methylammonium thiocyanate

Description:

Methylammonium thiocyanate can be used as an additive/dopant to the perovskite composition to improve the stability of the solar cell.

Alternative name:

MASCN

Empirical Formula:

CH₃NH₃SCN

CAS number:

61540-63-4

Typical properties:

M_W = 90.14 g/mol

Specification:

Product specification DN-P12: Methylammonium thiocyanate

Formamidinium thiocyanate

Description:

Formamidinium thiocyanate can be used as an additive/dopant to the perovskite composition to improve the stability of the solar cell.

Alternative name:

FASCN, Formamidine hydrothiocyanate, Methanimidamide thiocyanate, Iminomethylamine hydrothiocyanate

Empirical Formula:

CH₅N₂SCN

CAS number:

1821033-48-0

Typical properties:

M_W = 103.14 g/mol

Specification:

Product specification DN-P13: Formamidinium thiocyanate

Methylammonium formate

Description:

Methylammonium formate is an ionic liquid from which high quality films of perovskites such as MAPbI₃ can be grown in a controlled manner.

Alternative name:

MAFa

Empirical Formula:

CH₃NH₃HCO₂

CAS number:

25596-28-5

Typical properties:

M_W = 77.08 g/mol

T_m = -21.7 °C

T_b = 162.1 °C

Specification:

Product specification DN-P14: Methylammonium formate

Reference:

• Chem. Mater., 2015, 27 (9), pp 3197-3199, DOI: 10.1021/cm5047484
• J. Phys. Chem. B, 2007, 111 (18), pp 4926-4937, DOI: 10.1021/jp067589u

Guanidinium iodide

Description:

Guanidinium iodide can be used as an additive/dopant to the perovskite composition to improve the stability of the solar cell.

Alternative name:

GuI, GuaI, GdmI, Diaminomethaniminium iodide, Aminoformamidine hydriode, Guanidine hydriodide, Guanidine monohydriodide

Empirical Formula:

CH₆IN₃

CAS number:

19227-70-4

Typical properties:

M_W = 186.98 g/mol

Specification:

Product specification DN-P15: Guanidinium iodide

Reference:

• Jodlowski, A. D. et al., Nature Energy, 2, 972-979 (2017), DOI: 10.1038/s41560-017-0054-3

Phenethylammonium iodide

Description:

Salt for preparation of 2D perovskites or2D/3D-mixed perovskites with enhanced phase and ambient stability.

Alternative name:

2-phenylethan-1-aminium iodide, 2-Phenylethylamine Hydroiodide, PEAI, Phenethylamine Hydroiodide, 2-Phenylethylammonium Iodide

Empirical Formula:

C₈H₁₂IN

CAS number:

151059-43-7

Typical properties:

M_W = 249.10 g/mol

Specification:

Product specification DN-P18: Phenethylammonium iodide

References:

• Li et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 7, 1601307, DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201601307

• Lee et al., Nature Communications volume 9, Article number: 3021 (2018) , DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05454-4

4-tert-butyl-benzylammonium iodide

Description:

4-tert-butyl-benzylammonium iodide is an interface passivator for perovskite solar cells that can significantly accelerate the charge extraction from the perovskite materials into the hole-transporters and reduce device hysteresis as well as improve the device performance and stability.

Alternative name:

tBBAI

Empirical Formula:

C₁₁H₁₈IN

Typical properties:

M_W = 291.18 g/mol

References:

• Hongwei Zhu, et al., Adv. Mater. 2020, DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907757

Formamidinium chloride

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Description:

Formamidinium chloride is an additive for perovskite solar cells to promote the crystal nucleation and growth with the monodispersed domain as the surface morphologies, which can help to improve the solar cell device performance and stability.

Alternative name:

FACl, Formamidine hydrochloride, Methanimidamide chloride, Iminomethylamine hydrochloride

Empirical Formula:

CH₅N₂Cl

CAS number:

6313-33-3

Typical properties:

M_W = 80.52 g/mol

Specification:

Product specification DN-P22-4N: Formamidinium chloride 99.99 %

Product specification DN-P22-5N: Formamidinium chloride 99.999 %

References:

• Atsushi Suzuki, et al., Advanced Energy Materials, 2019, DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201803587

• Minjin Kim, et al., Journal of Electronic Materials, 2019, DOI: 10.1007/s11664-019-07153-2